CVE-2019-6446

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2022-05-24. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2019-0098 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf (GitHub Security Advisories) · PYSEC-2019-108 (OSV.dev)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 27%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

An issue was discovered in NumPy before 1.16.3. It uses the pickle Python module unsafely, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized object, as demonstrated by a numpy.load call. NOTE: third parties dispute this issue because it is a behavior that might have legitimate applications in (for example) loading serialized Python object arrays from trusted and authenticated sources.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
60
EG Risk 60/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
27%
EPSS %ILE
98th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
27% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

January 16, 2019

Last Modified

July 21, 2025

Advisory Details (7)

Auto-updated Oct 9, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_pr, redhat.
GitHub pull request

BUG: Make allow_pickle=False the default for loading

Fix merged in numpy/numpy PR #12889 on 2019-04-17 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/numpy/numpy/pull/12889
Web page

numpy load function with evil data will cause command execution · Issue #12759 · numpy/numpy · GitHub

https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/12759
GitHub commit

commit 89b688732b37 (numpy/numpy)

Fix landed in numpy/numpy commit 89b688732b37 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/numpy/numpy/commit/89b688732b37616c9d26623f81aaee1703c30ffb
Web page

Making sure you're not a bot!

https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1122208
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3704
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3335
Web page

CVE-2019-6446 - PSIRT.COM

http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106670

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatnumpy-1:1.14.3-9.el82019-11-05redhat
redhatpython27:2.7-8010020190903182548.51c94b972019-11-05redhat
pipnumpy @ 1.16.3 (fixes < 1.16.3)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
numpy0.9.6 ... 1.9.3 (66 versions)
  • every version up to 1.16.3: fixed in 1.16.3
  • every version up to 1.16.1: fixed in 1.16.1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 21× in last 7d / 73× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 247 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 147 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 04:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 04:41 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-13 04:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-12 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  5. 2026-11-12 05:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-12 05:01 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-11-12 05:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-11-11 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  9. 2026-11-11 05:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-11 05:21 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-11 05:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-11-10 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  13. 2026-11-10 05:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-10 05:40 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-10 05:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-11-09 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  17. 2026-11-09 06:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-09 06:00 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-09 06:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-11-08 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  21. 2026-11-08 06:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-08 06:21 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-11-08 06:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-11-07 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  25. 2026-11-07 06:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-07 06:39 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-11-07 06:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-11-06 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  4. 2026-11-06 06:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-06 06:59 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-06 06:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-11-05 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  8. 2026-11-05 07:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-05 07:19 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-11-05 07:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  11. 2026-11-04 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  12. 2026-11-04 07:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-04 07:39 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-11-04 07:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  15. 2026-11-03 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  16. 2026-11-03 07:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-03 07:58 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-03 07:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  19. 2026-11-03 05:55 UTCOSV refresh
  20. 2026-11-02 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  21. 2026-11-02 08:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-02 08:17 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-11-02 08:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-11-01 08:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-01 08:38 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-11-01 08:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9fq2-x9r6-wfmf · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  27. 2026-10-31 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  28. 2026-10-31 08:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-31 08:58 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-10-30 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  31. 2026-10-30 09:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-30 09:17 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-10-29 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  34. 2026-10-29 09:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-29 09:37 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-10-28 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  37. 2026-10-28 09:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-28 09:58 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-10-27 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  40. 2026-10-27 09:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-27 09:24 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-10-26 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  43. 2026-10-26 09:32 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-10-25 18:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-25 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  46. 2026-10-25 09:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-25 09:52 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-10-24 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  49. 2026-10-24 10:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-24 10:12 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-10-23 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  52. 2026-10-23 10:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-23 10:26 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-10-22 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  55. 2026-10-22 10:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-22 10:45 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-10-21 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  58. 2026-10-21 11:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-21 11:02 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-10-20 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  61. 2026-10-20 11:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-20 11:21 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-10-19 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  64. 2026-10-19 11:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-10-19 11:39 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-10-18 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  67. 2026-10-18 09:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-10-18 09:32 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-10-17 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  70. 2026-10-17 09:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  71. 2026-10-17 09:49 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-10-16 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile
  73. 2026-10-16 10:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-10-16 10:06 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-10-15 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCRayScri/CVE-2019-6446
    Published May 15, 2019

    Numpy deserialization command execution

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2019-6446?
CVE-2019-6446 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on January 16, 2019. An issue was discovered in NumPy before 1.16.3. It uses the pickle Python module unsafely, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized object, as demonstrated by a numpy.load call. NOTE: third parties dispute this issue because it is a behavior that might have…
When was CVE-2019-6446 made public?
CVE-2019-6446 was made public on January 15, 2019: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, MITRE Corporation, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on January 16, 2019. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 21, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2019-6446 actively exploited?
CVE-2019-6446 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 27% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (98th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2019-6446?
CVE-2019-6446 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2019-6446?
A fix for CVE-2019-6446 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2019-6446 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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