CVE-2019-16928

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.8 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2022-03-03), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 5 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 42%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: cisa kev · ssvc active · epss top5pctExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

Exim 4.92 through 4.92.2 allows remote code execution, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-15846. There is a heap-based buffer overflow in string_vformat in string.c involving a long EHLO command.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8(high)
EG Risk
99(Act)
EG Risk 99/100SSVC: Act

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation100% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Fix now — active exploitation, automatable, high impact.
EPSS PROB
42%
EPSS %ILE
99%
KEV
⚠ Exploited

Published

September 27, 2019

Last Modified

November 7, 2025

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Sep 17, 2026
No patch confirmed yet.
generic

[SECURITY] Fedora 31 Update: exim-4.92.3-1.fc31 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UY6HPRW7MR3KBQ5JFHH6OXM7YCZBJCOB/
generic

[SECURITY] Fedora 30 Update: exim-4.92.3-1.fc30 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T3TJW4HPYH3O5HZCWGD6NSHTEBTTAPDC/
generic

[SECURITY] Fedora 29 Update: exim-4.92.3-1.fc29 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/EED7HM3MFIBAP5OIMJAFJ35JAJABTVSC/
generic

[exim-dev] [Bug 2449] New: Heap Overflow

https://lists.exim.org/lurker/message/20190927.032457.c1044d4c.en.html
generic

Exim Internet Mailer

https://git.exim.org/exim.git/commit/478effbfd9c3cc5a627fc671d4bf94d13670d65f
generic

Exim Internet Mailer

https://bugs.exim.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2449
generic

oss-security - Re: Exim CVE-2019-16928 RCE using a heap-based buffer overflow

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/28/4
generic

oss-security - Re: Exim CVE-2019-16928 RCE using a heap-based buffer overflow

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/28/3
generic

oss-security - Re: Exim CVE-2019-16928 RCE using a heap-based buffer overflow

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/28/2
generic

oss-security - Exim CVE-2019-16928 RCE using a heap-based buffer overflow

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2019/09/28/1

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuexim4-daemon-light (4.92-4ubuntu1.4) @ disco2026-09-19ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
exim44.92-8 ... 4.92-8+deb10u3~bpo9+1 (6 versions)4.92-8+deb10u3—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
exim4—4.92.2-3—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
exim4—4.92.2-3—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
exim4—4.92.2-3—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
exim4—4.92.2-3—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 88× in last 7d / 359× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 1,261 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-19 21:40 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-09-19 21:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-09-19 17:24 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-09-19 17:24 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-09-19 17:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-09-19 13:08 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-09-19 13:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-09-19 08:52 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-09-19 08:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-09-19 04:34 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-09-19 04:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-09-19 00:17 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-09-19 00:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-09-18 20:01 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-09-18 20:01 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-09-18 20:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-09-18 19:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-09-18 19:20 UTCCISA KEV update
  19. 2026-09-18 15:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-09-18 14:15 UTCCISA KEV update
  21. 2026-09-18 11:24 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-09-18 11:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-09-18 07:08 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-09-18 07:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-09-18 02:52 UTCVendor advisory
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-09-18 02:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-09-17 22:36 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-09-17 22:36 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-09-17 22:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-09-17 19:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-17 18:19 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-09-17 18:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-09-17 14:03 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-09-17 14:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-09-17 09:46 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-09-17 09:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-09-17 05:30 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-09-17 05:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-09-17 01:14 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-09-17 01:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-09-16 20:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-09-16 16:41 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-09-16 16:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-09-16 14:10 UTCCISA KEV update
  20. 2026-09-16 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-09-16 12:20 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-09-16 12:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-09-16 08:04 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-09-16 08:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-09-16 03:40 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-09-16 03:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  27. 2026-09-15 23:24 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-09-15 23:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-09-15 19:07 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-09-15 19:07 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-09-15 14:51 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-09-15 14:51 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-09-15 10:34 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-09-15 10:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-09-15 06:14 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-09-15 06:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-09-15 01:56 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-09-15 01:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  39. 2026-09-14 21:39 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-09-14 21:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  41. 2026-09-14 19:24 UTCCISA KEV update
  42. 2026-09-14 17:23 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-09-14 17:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  44. 2026-09-14 13:07 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-09-14 13:07 UTCGHSA enrichment
  46. 2026-09-14 08:50 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-09-14 08:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-09-14 04:34 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-09-14 04:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-09-14 00:18 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-09-14 00:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  52. 2026-09-13 20:02 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-09-13 20:02 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-09-13 20:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  55. 2026-09-13 16:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-09-13 15:45 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-09-13 15:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-09-13 11:29 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-09-13 11:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  60. 2026-09-13 07:12 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-09-13 07:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-09-13 02:57 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-09-13 02:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  64. 2026-09-12 22:41 UTCVendor advisory
  65. 2026-09-12 22:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  66. 2026-09-12 18:24 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-09-12 18:24 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-09-12 18:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  69. 2026-09-12 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-09-12 14:08 UTCVendor advisory
  71. 2026-09-12 14:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  72. 2026-09-12 09:52 UTCVendor advisory
  73. 2026-09-12 09:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  74. 2026-09-12 05:36 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-09-12 05:36 UTCGHSA enrichment

Related CVEs(same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2019-16928?
CVE-2019-16928 is a critical vulnerability published on September 27, 2019. Exim 4.92 through 4.92.2 allows remote code execution, a different vulnerability than CVE-2019-15846. There is a heap-based buffer overflow in string_vformat in string.c involving a long EHLO command.
When was CVE-2019-16928 disclosed?
CVE-2019-16928 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on September 27, 2019, with the most recent update on November 7, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2019-16928 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2019-16928 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on March 3, 2022, affecting Exim Exim Internet Mailer. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate patching attention.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2019-16928?
CVE-2019-16928 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
Which products are affected by CVE-2019-16928?
CVE-2019-16928 affects Exim Exim Internet Mailer. The full affected-products list, including version ranges and fixed versions, is shown in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2019-16928?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2019-16928, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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