CVE-2015-5477

CRITICALPre-NVD 7.59.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than the CVSS score beside it.

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2026-10-08), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1 baseline 7.5 retained for reference (NVD's own analysis pending). The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 7.5 HIGH under GitHub Security Advisory CVSS. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1, CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory
Exploited in the wild

Also known asEUVD-2015-5432 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low mission impact
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 99.6%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: Metasploit · Exploit-DB (verified) · other public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

named in ISC BIND 9.x before 9.9.7-P2 and 9.10.x before 9.10.2-P3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (REQUIRE assertion failure and daemon exit) via TKEY queries.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
89
EG Risk 89/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity75% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.
EPSS PROB
99.6%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 7.5 HIGH.

EG Severity
7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
99.6% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-11). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Act at medium mission impactAttend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.

A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://web.archive.org/web/20150729014733/https://kb.isc.org/article/AA-01272 · https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015:1513.html · https://supportportal.juniper.net/s/article/2016-01-Security-Bulletin-Junos-Vulnerability-in-ISC-BIND-named-CVE-2015-5477 · https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk · https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5477

Published

July 29, 2015

Last Modified

November 3, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Nov 4, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Patch available.

Patch Availability(6)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulwresd (1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.4) @ trusty2026-11-12ubuntu
redhatbind-32:9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6_6.42016-01-28redhat
redhatbind-32:9.8.2-0.23.rc1.el6_5.22016-01-28redhat
redhatbind-32:9.9.4-18.ael7b_1.32015-07-29redhat
redhatbind-30:9.3.6-25.P1.el5_11.32015-07-28redhat
redhatbind97-32:9.7.0-21.P2.el5_11.22015-07-28redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(7 across 7 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind9—
  • every version up to 1:9.9.5.dfsg-11: fixed in 1:9.9.5.dfsg-11
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind9—
  • every version up to 1:9.9.5.dfsg-11: fixed in 1:9.9.5.dfsg-11
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind9—
  • every version up to 1:9.9.5.dfsg-11: fixed in 1:9.9.5.dfsg-11
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind9—
  • every version up to 1:9.9.5.dfsg-11: fixed in 1:9.9.5.dfsg-11
—
Debian:6.0(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind91:9.7.2.dfsg.P3-1.1 ... 1:9.7.3.dfsg-1~squeeze9 (19 versions)
  • every version up to 1:9.7.3.dfsg-1~squeeze16: fixed in 1:9.7.3.dfsg-1~squeeze16
—
Debian:7(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind91:9.8.4.dfsg.P1-6+nmu2 ... 1:9.8.4.dfsg.P1-6+nmu2+deb7u5 (8 versions)
  • every version up to 1:9.8.4.dfsg.P1-6+nmu2+deb7u6: fixed in 1:9.8.4.dfsg.P1-6+nmu2+deb7u6
—
Debian:8(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind91:9.9.5.dfsg-9, 1:9.9.5.dfsg-9+deb8u1
  • every version up to 1:9.9.5.dfsg-9+deb8u2: fixed in 1:9.9.5.dfsg-9+deb8u2
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(3)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 0× in last 7d / 0× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-11-12 13:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-12 13:51 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-12 13:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  4. 2026-11-11 12:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-11 12:07 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-11 12:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  7. 2026-11-10 10:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-10 10:23 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-11-10 10:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  10. 2026-11-09 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.6% · 99th percentile
  11. 2026-11-09 08:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-09 08:38 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-11-09 08:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  14. 2026-11-08 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.6% · 99th percentile
  15. 2026-11-08 06:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-11-08 06:54 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-11-08 06:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  18. 2026-11-07 05:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-07 05:08 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-11-07 05:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  21. 2026-11-06 03:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-06 03:24 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-11-06 03:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  24. 2026-11-05 01:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-05 01:40 UTCVendor advisory
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-05 01:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  2. 2026-11-04 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.6% · 99th percentile
  3. 2026-11-03 23:56 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-11-03 23:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  5. 2026-11-03 22:27 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-03 22:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  7. 2026-11-03 21:47 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-11-03 21:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  9. 2026-11-03 21:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-03 21:26 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-03 21:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  12. 2026-11-02 19:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-02 19:42 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-11-02 19:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  15. 2026-11-02 07:25 UTCOSV refresh
  16. 2026-11-01 17:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-01 17:58 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-01 17:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  19. 2026-10-31 16:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-31 16:12 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-31 16:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  22. 2026-10-30 14:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-30 14:24 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-30 14:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  25. 2026-10-29 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.6% · 99th percentile
  26. 2026-10-29 12:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-29 12:41 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-10-29 12:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  29. 2026-10-28 10:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-28 10:57 UTCVendor advisory
  31. 2026-10-28 10:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  32. 2026-10-27 09:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-27 09:13 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-10-27 09:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  35. 2026-10-26 07:29 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-10-26 07:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  37. 2026-10-25 19:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-25 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.6% · 99th percentile
  39. 2026-10-25 05:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-10-25 05:45 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-10-25 05:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  42. 2026-10-24 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99% · 99th percentile
  43. 2026-10-24 04:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-24 04:01 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-10-24 04:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  46. 2026-10-23 02:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-23 02:15 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-10-23 02:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  49. 2026-10-22 00:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-22 00:29 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-10-22 00:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  52. 2026-10-20 22:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-20 22:44 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-10-20 22:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  55. 2026-10-19 20:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-19 20:58 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-10-19 20:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  58. 2026-10-18 19:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-18 19:13 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-10-18 19:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  61. 2026-10-18 11:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-17 17:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  63. 2026-10-17 17:29 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-10-17 17:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  65. 2026-10-16 15:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-10-16 15:43 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-10-16 15:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  68. 2026-10-15 13:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-10-15 13:59 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-10-15 13:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  71. 2026-10-14 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99% · 99th percentile
  72. 2026-10-14 12:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  73. 2026-10-14 12:11 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-10-14 12:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4622-vjcx-p39j · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  75. 2026-10-13 10:27 UTCVendor advisory

Publicly available exploits

(5 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 2 Exploit-DB entries, 2 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • Exploit-DBEDB-37721✓ verified
    Published Aug 1, 2015

    ISC BIND 9 - TKEY (PoC)

    Open source ↗
  • Metasploitauxiliary/dos/dns/bind_tkey✓ verified
    Published Aug 1, 2015

    BIND TKEY Query Denial of Service

    Open source ↗
  • Exploit-DBEDB-37723
    Published Aug 5, 2015

    ISC BIND 9 - TKEY Remote Denial of Service (PoC)

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCelceef/tkeypoc
    Published Aug 1, 2015

    PoC exploit code for CVE-2015-5477 BIND9 TKEY remote DoS vulnerability

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCrobertdavidgraham/cve-2015-5477
    Published Jul 31, 2015

    PoC exploit for CVE-2015-5477 BIND9 TKEY assertion failure

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2015-5477?
CVE-2015-5477 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 29, 2015. named in ISC BIND 9.x before 9.9.7-P2 and 9.10.x before 9.10.2-P3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (REQUIRE assertion failure and daemon exit) via TKEY queries.
When was CVE-2015-5477 made public?
CVE-2015-5477 was made public on July 28, 2015: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, MITRE Corporation, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on July 29, 2015. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 3, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2015-5477 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2015-5477 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on October 8, 2026, affecting ISC BIND. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. A fix is available. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2015-5477?
CVE-2015-5477 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (CISA-ADP / Vulnrichment enrichment; NVD's own analysis pending). EchelonGraph synthesises CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1 + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2015-5477?
CVE-2015-5477 affects ISC BIND. The affected packages EchelonGraph has on record, with version ranges, are listed in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2015-5477?
A fix for CVE-2015-5477 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2015-5477 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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