CVE-2010-4478

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2022-05-17. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2010-4446 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo release containing the referenced fix is confirmed: check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 4.4%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but no release containing it is confirmed — find the release that contains it; until it is applied, mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation).

OpenSSH 5.6 and earlier, when J-PAKE is enabled, does not properly validate the public parameters in the J-PAKE protocol, which allows remote attackers to bypass the need for knowledge of the shared secret, and successfully authenticate, by sending crafted values in each round of the protocol, a related issue to CVE-2010-4252.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
61
EG Risk 61/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation4.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
4.4%
EPSS %ILE
91st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
4.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

December 6, 2010

Last Modified

May 28, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Oct 8, 2026
Fix referenced — no release confirmed yet. Sources: redhat.
Web page

GitHub - seb-m/jpake: Small-subgroup confinement issue in the OpenSSL and OpenSSH implementations of J-PAKE. · GitHub

https://github.com/seb-m/jpake
Red Hat

659297 – (CVE-2010-4252) CVE-2010-4252 openssl: session key retrieval flaw in J-PAKE implementation

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, 5, or 6.

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=659297

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2010-4478(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 57× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 227 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 127 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 09:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 09:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-11-12 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  4. 2026-11-12 07:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-12 07:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  6. 2026-11-11 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  7. 2026-11-11 05:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-11 05:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  9. 2026-11-10 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  10. 2026-11-10 03:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-10 03:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-11-09 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  13. 2026-11-09 02:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-09 02:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  15. 2026-11-08 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  16. 2026-11-08 00:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-08 00:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  18. 2026-11-07 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  19. 2026-11-06 22:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-06 22:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  21. 2026-11-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  22. 2026-11-05 20:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-11-05 20:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-11-05 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  25. 2026-11-04 19:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-04 19:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  2. 2026-11-04 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  3. 2026-11-03 17:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-03 17:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  5. 2026-11-03 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  6. 2026-11-02 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  7. 2026-11-02 15:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-02 15:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  9. 2026-11-01 13:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-01 13:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  11. 2026-10-31 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  12. 2026-10-31 12:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-10-31 12:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  14. 2026-10-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  15. 2026-10-30 10:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-30 10:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  17. 2026-10-29 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  18. 2026-10-29 08:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-29 08:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-10-28 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  21. 2026-10-28 06:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-28 06:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  23. 2026-10-27 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  24. 2026-10-27 04:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-27 04:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  26. 2026-10-26 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  27. 2026-10-25 23:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  28. 2026-10-25 20:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-25 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  30. 2026-10-24 21:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-24 21:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  32. 2026-10-24 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.4% · 91st percentile
  33. 2026-10-23 19:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-23 19:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  35. 2026-10-23 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 91st percentile
  36. 2026-10-22 17:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-22 17:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  38. 2026-10-22 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  39. 2026-10-21 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  40. 2026-10-21 16:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-21 16:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  42. 2026-10-20 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  43. 2026-10-20 14:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-20 14:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  45. 2026-10-19 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  46. 2026-10-19 12:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-19 12:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  48. 2026-10-18 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  49. 2026-10-18 10:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-18 10:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  51. 2026-10-17 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  52. 2026-10-17 09:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-17 09:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  54. 2026-10-16 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  55. 2026-10-16 07:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-16 07:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  57. 2026-10-15 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  58. 2026-10-15 05:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-15 05:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  60. 2026-10-14 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  61. 2026-10-14 01:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-14 01:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  63. 2026-10-13 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  64. 2026-10-12 21:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-10-12 21:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7m62-4jfr-67wh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  66. 2026-10-12 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  67. 2026-10-12 01:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-10-11 13:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  69. 2026-10-10 19:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  70. 2026-10-09 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  71. 2026-10-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  72. 2026-10-07 23:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  73. 2026-10-06 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  74. 2026-10-05 17:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile
  75. 2026-09-30 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.2% · 90th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2010-4478?
CVE-2010-4478 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on December 6, 2010. OpenSSH 5.6 and earlier, when J-PAKE is enabled, does not properly validate the public parameters in the J-PAKE protocol, which allows remote attackers to bypass the need for knowledge of the shared secret, and successfully authenticate, by sending crafted values in each round of the protocol, a…
When was CVE-2010-4478 made public?
CVE-2010-4478 was made public on September 12, 2010: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, MITRE Corporation, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on December 6, 2010. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of May 28, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2010-4478 actively exploited?
CVE-2010-4478 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 4.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (91st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2010-4478?
CVE-2010-4478 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2010-4478?
A fix for CVE-2010-4478 is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but EchelonGraph has no release containing it on record. Check that reference and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains the fix and update to it; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2010-4478 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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