Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.
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Score elevated to 10.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2026-01-26), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 10.0 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.
Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.
December 29, 2025
January 27, 2026
Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-52691MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Every time one of our enrichment pipelines (NVD, MITRE cvelistV5, EPSS, CISA KEV, GHSA, OSV, vendor advisories) ran against this CVE. Most recent first.
Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 Metasploit module) (5 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.
Detection for CVE-2025-52691
Open source ↗An enhanced proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2025-52691 (SmarterMail Arbitrary File Upload RCE) with APT-level features like stealth obfuscation, persistence, exfiltration, and interactive mode. For educational and authorized testing only. Credits to the original PoC by yt2w/CVE-2025-52691.
Open source ↗SmarterTools SmarterMail GUID File Upload Vulnerability
Open source ↗SmarterMail - Unrestricted File Upload
Open source ↗See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-52691
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.
CWE-434